Survey And Investigation 
 
• Fixing of TBM Stone
• Fixing of DGPS control Points (Pillar) in pair
• Horizontal Control grid fixation using DGPS
• Closed loop traverse using Electronic Total Station ,TBM Fly Back
• Detailed Topographical Surveys by Electronic Total Station
• Demarcation/Set out of proposed Centre Line
• Cross-Sections and Level work using Auto Level
• Fixing of ROW
• Preparation of Digital Survey Maps and drawing
• Geotechnical Investigations and Sub Soil Exploration
 
Design Engineering and Detailed Project Report (DPR)
 
• Road Inventory and Alignment reconnaissance survey
• Road And  Highway Cross Sections
• Horizontal and Vertical alignment Design on Techno-Economic  considerations
• Embankment Design
• Identification of Type and Intersection/Interchange Design
• Drainage Design
• Road Geometric Design (Alignment Plan & Profile, Cross sections,
Horizontal and Vertical design) Road Embankment & Cut Section, Drainage design,
• Bill of Quantity & Rate analysis, Project Cost Estimation and Value engineering

1.Road & Highway Survey and Design

• Purpose: Determine if the road/highway project is viable (technically, economically, and environmentally).

• Key Activities:

  • Preliminary route selection

  • Cost estimation

  • Traffic studies

  • Environmental and social impact assessment

  • Stakeholder consultations

🔹 2. Reconnaissance Survey

• Purpose: Identify possible routes and general terrain conditions.

• Tools Used:

  • Topographic maps

  • Satellite imagery or Google Earth

  • GIS tools

  • Field visits

🔹 3. Preliminary Survey

• Purpose: Collect detailed data for route selection and preliminary design.

• Key Data Collected:

  • Existing road network

  • Soil types and ground conditions

  • Drainage patterns

  • Land use patterns

  • Utilities and obstructions

• Tools:

  • Total Station

  • GPS

  • UAVs/drones (optional)

  • GIS

 

🔹 4. Final Location Survey

• Purpose: Fix the alignment on the ground.

• Activities:

  • Pegging centerline of road

  • Cross-section and longitudinal section surveys

  • Establishing control points

  • Soil investigation (borings, tests)

• Output: Final alignment on map and ground, detailed survey data.

🔹 5. Geometric Design

• Purpose: Design the physical layout of the road based on traffic and terrain.

• Components:

  • Horizontal alignment (curves, tangents)

  • Vertical alignment (gradients, vertical curves)

  • Cross-section (carriageway width, shoulders, side slopes)

  • Superelevation

  • Sight distances (stopping, overtaking)

  • Road classification and design speed

• Standards Used: IRC (India), AASHTO (US), etc.

🔹 6. Pavement Design

• Purpose: Design the pavement structure to withstand loads.

• Types of Pavement:

  • Flexible Pavement (bituminous)

  • Rigid Pavement (concrete)

• Design Inputs:

  • Traffic load (ESALs)

  • Subgrade strength (CBR test)

  • Climate

  • Pavement layer materials

🔹 7. Drainage Design

• Purpose: Ensure proper drainage to prolong pavement life and            prevent flooding.

• Includes:

  • Side drains

  • Culverts

  • Cross-drainage structures

  • Subsurface drainage

🔹 8. Structural Design (Bridges, Culverts)

• Activities:

  • Load analysis

  • Span calculations

  • Foundation design

  • Material selection (steel, RCC, PSC)

🔹 9. Environmental & Social Impact Assessment

• Key Focus:

  • Pollution control

  • Land acquisition and resettlement

  • Biodiversity conservation

  • Public consultation

🔹 10. Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)

• Includes:

  • Alignment maps

  • Survey & investigation reports

  • Design drawings

  • BOQ (Bill of Quantities)

  • Cost estimates

  • Construction methodology

  • Work schedule

🔹 11. Construction Methodology

• Steps:

  • Clearing & grubbing

  • Earthwork (cutting, filling)

  • Subgrade preparation

  • Pavement layer construction

  • Shoulder and slope protection

  • Markings and signage

• Quality Control: Field tests, lab tests, inspections.

🔹 12. Operation & Maintenance Planning

• Routine maintenance

• Periodic overlays

• Pavement management system

• Road safety audits

📌 Tools & Technologies Used

• Surveying Equipment: Total Station, GPS, Drone Survey

• Software: AutoCAD Civil 3D, MX Road, Bentley OpenRoads, GIS, STAAD Pro

• Design Standards: IRC, MoRTH, AASHTO, ASTM, BIS